The purpose of this study is to trace the development of Communism in Korea from its inception to the present, and to analyze the contemporary North Korean Communist system (Scalapino / Lee vii)
One must never forget, moreover, that in this era the concept of communism was very obscure to most people. Imprecision and confusion dominated the ideological scene; to each recruit, the idea of communism held a different meaning and appeal.( Scalapino / Lee 4)
Nationalism was the only common bond among men who professed political beliefs from conservatism to communism. (Scalapino / Lee 12)
Yi was furious, and later supervised the drafting of a petition that equated the Provisional Government with the Korean Communist Party, and promised to assume the responsibility of spreading communism among the Koreans. (Scalapino / Lee 12)
Additional works on socialism and communism, some of them from British Labour Party sources, were also translated and distributed. (Scalapino / Lee 22)
Meanwhile, disillusionment grew rapidly among those Koreans who had seen Communism primarily as a vehicle to achieve Korean independence. (Scalapino / Lee 35)
it was decided that the Korean revolutionary movement should be conducted by supporting the Provisional Government, encouraging and modifying it; and that since Korea was an agrarian country without knowledge of communism, the emphasis should be upon nationalism, with the peasants as primary targets. (Scalapino / Lee 44-45)
Communism in Asia has in fact been most successful where it has been able to integrate and interact with nationalism on a continuing basis. (Scalapino / Lee 62)
Communism had come to the Far East as a movement promising the liberation of colonial peoples, and this alone could arouse many a patriot. (Scalapino / Lee 63)
Communism, moreover, promised something beyond the liberation of colonies, namely, the liberation of man. It catered to men desirous of drastic change, and a number of Koreans, especially from the petty intellectual class, were in that category. (Scalapino / Lee 63)
Unable to become a vanguard party of the masses, the KCP had remained essentially a "thought society," that is, it consisted of people who were busy thinking about Communism rather than engaging in the struggle against imperialism and feudalism. (Scalapino / Lee 118)
Many Koreans came to Communism during their schooling in Japan, and the prominent Japanese Communists of this period all had their devoted Korean disciples. (Scalapino / Lee 135)
Again, it must be reiterated that the distinction between Communism and nationalism was extremely hazy among almost all Koreans at the grass-roots level, especially since anti-colonialism was one of the most prominent and persistent of the Communist themes. (Scalapino / Lee 140)
Nevertheless, by the mid-1930s, Communism in Japan had been reduced to a mere shadow. Only the legacy of Koreans as "prone to radicalism and violence" remained against the backdrop of the Japanese militarist era. (Scalapino / Lee 189)
Kim Il-sŏng, however, was by no means alone among Communists in being talented and dedicated. It would be possible to describe in such a fashion at least a hundred Koreans of this period who at one point or another committed themselves to Communism. (Scalapino / Lee 229)
For every recruit who came to Communism through reading Marxist literature, or because he had become convinced that the Party offered the best hope for national liberation or rapid socioeconomic change, another recruit entered because his schoolmate, closest friend, or brother persuaded him to do so. (Scalapino / Lee 231)
One other major consideration deserves some further analysis here. Korean Communism, like other aspects of Korean politics in the period before 1945, had had to find its bases and sources of support wherever it could. (Scalapino / Lee 231)
After 1928, Korean Communism was once again forced out of its homeland. (Scalapino / Lee 231)
The shape of Korean Communism could not help being affected powerfully by these facts. (Scalapino / Lee 232)
Once again, it should be emphasized that even among the so-called intellectual class, there was little understanding of the meaning of Communism, or of the distinction between Communism, Democratic Socialism, and Liberal Democracy. One must not impose on the Korean politics of this era the views and vantage points of another culture or intelligentsia. (Scalapino / Lee 240)
Once political roles have been clearly allocated among the elite, and the organizational structure has been firmly implanted, effective challenges against the leader are vastly more difficult to mount. This is especially true of the Stalinist model of communism, which allocates public prestige and private power to the key political figure in such a fashion as to make his overthrow extraordinarily difficult, barring some major catastrophe. (Scalapino / Lee 382)
Since Communism was not firmly established in the north in that era, the Party should show leniency toward them and cease discriminating against their families, except to exercise care in regard to foreign travel. (Scalapino / Lee 474)
The intellectual became separated from his cultural roots, progressively dissatisfied and hence available to a revolutionary movement like Communism. (Scalapino / Lee 496)
And for the Communists, the task of rebuilding their organization below the 38th parallel was a formidable one, particularly since there were now millions -- both northerners and southerners -- who had lived under Communism and wanted no more of it. (Scalapino / Lee 548)
In the same way that Kim Il Sung built a Confucian influenced hereditary family-state in North Korea and called it communism. (Cumings 64)
댓글 없음:
댓글 쓰기